Chemical Sampling Information
	PAPI
Quick Links General Description Health Factors Monitoring Search    [use word(s)/phrase ] Table of Contents By Name A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z By CAS Number General Description Synonyms: MDI oligomer; polymeric MDI; polymeric isocyanate; polymethylenepolyphenol isocyanate; polyphenyl isocyanate OSHA IMIS Code Number: P125 Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) Registry Number: 9016-87-9 Chemical Description and Physical Properties: liquid molecular formula: CH2(C6H4NCO)2 molecular weight: ~400 flash point: 200°C melting point: 200°C @760 mm Hg Health Factors Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) carcinogenic classification: Group D, not classifiable as to human carcinogenicity. Potential symptoms: Itchy eyes, rhinitis, cough, pulmonary secretions, chest tightness, dyspnea, wheezing, asthma. Health Effects: Respiratory sensitization---Asthma, hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HE9); Irritation-Eye, Nose, Throat, Skin---Marked (HE14) Affected organs: Respiratory system, skin, eyes Notes: Although OSHA has a PEL for methylene bisphenyl diisocyanate (MDI) monomer (20 ppb ceiling), OSHA does not have a PEL for polymeric MDI (PAPI). EPA’s inhalation reference concentration (daily inhalational exposure likely to be without an appreciable risk of deleterious effects during a lifetime) is 0.0006 mg/m3. Because toxicity is likely related to the very reactive isocyanate (N=C=O) group and commercial preparations often contain both MDI monomer and PAPI, exposure limit determination based upon the mass concentration of the N=C=O groups in polyisocyanates has been suggested. The MDI metabolites, N’-acetyl-4,4’-methylenedianiline and 4,4-methylene dianiline (MDA), have been measured in urine samples from employees involved in the manufacture of polyurethanes. Acid hydrolysis to release MDA from plasma proteins was used to measure the half-lives of MDI-protein adducts in four employees exposed to thermal degradation products of MDI-based polyurethane. The half-lives of such adducts in plasma ranged from 10-22 days. Chronic inhalation studies in rats with MDI (including PAPI) in concentrations up to 6 mg/m3 reported increased lung weight, interstitial fibrosis, broncho-alveolar hyperplasia and adenomas, and in one high-dose rat, lung adenocarcinoma. In contrast, chronic oral administration of the MDI metabolite, MDA, caused carcinomas in the thyroid (rats and mice), liver (female rats) and adrenals (male mice). Date Last Revised: 07/24/2006 Literature Basis: U.S. EPA Integrated Risk Information System: Methylene Diphenyl Diisocyanate (monomeric MDI) and polymeric MDI (PMDI) (CASRN 101-68-8, 9016-87-9). Baur, X.: Hypersensitivity pneumonitis (extrinsic allergic alveolitis) induced by isocyanates. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 95(5 Pt. 1): 1004-1010, 1995. Bello, D., et al.: Polyisocyanates in occupational environments: a critical review of exposure limits and metrics. Am. J. Ind. Med. 46(5): 480-491, 2004. Bonauto, D.K., Sumner, A.D., Curwick, C.C., Whittaker, S.G. and Lofgren, D.J.: Work-related asthma in the spray-on truck bed lining industry. J. Occup. Environ. Med. 47(5): 514-517, 2005. Dalene, M., Skarping, G. and Lind, P.: Workers exposed to thermal degradation products of TDI- and MDI-based polyurethane: biomonitoring of 2,4-TDA, 2,6-TDA, and 4,4’-MDA in hydrolyzed urine and plasma. Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. 58(8): 587-591, 1997. Feron, V.J., et al.: Chronic pulmonary effects of respirable methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI) aerosol in rats: combination of findings from two bioassays. Arch. Toxicol. 75(3): 159-175, 2001. Lamb, J.C., Huff, J.E., Haseman, J.K., Murthy, A.S. and Lilja, H.: Carcinogenesis studies of 4,4’-methylenedianiline dihydrochloride given in drinking water to F344/N rats and B6C3F1 mice. J. Toxicol. Environ. Health 18(3): 325-337, 1986. No authors listed: 4,4’-Methylenediphenyl diisocyanate and polymeric 4,4’-methylenediphenyl diisocyanate. IARC Monogr. Eval. Carcinog. Risks Hum. 71(Pt. 3): 1049-1058, 1999. [381 KB PDF] Monitoring Methods used by OSHA Laboratory Sampling/Analytical Method: sampling media: Coated Glass Fiber Filter (37 mm open face) Coated with 0.1 mg 1-(2-Pyridyl)piperazine maximum volume: 15 Liters   maximum flow rate: 1.0 L/min current analytical method: High Performance Liquid Chromatography; HPLC/UV method reference: OSHA SLTC In-House File method classification: Not Validated note: Results may not reflect accurate exposures to the polymeric forms of isocyanates. Keep filters refrigerated until use. analytical condition: Column: TMS Chromegabond (C3); Mobile Phase: 45:55 Acetonitrile:Water that is 0.02 M Ammonium Acetate; Detector Wavelength: 242 EX: 370 EM (Fluor) All Trademarks are the property of their respective owners. Accessibility Assistance: Contact the OSHA Directorate of Science, Technology and Medicine at 202-693-2300 for assistance accessing PDF materials.