Ground
Treatment
Twist
Ties 30-40 per resident/ 250 per acre.
Attracticide aka Splat
30-60 day intervals.
Wasp Release
1million per square mile
Foliar ground
treatments with Spinosad, Bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki - BT,
SPLAT
vs. Traditional Pheromone Dispensers
PERMETHRIN
Permethrin
Facts EPA
Permethrin
is considered a Reproductive Toxin. Linda M. Frazier, MD, MPH & Marvin L.
Hage, MD, University of Ohio. Reproductive Hazards of the Workplace.
Permethrin
is highly toxic to aquatic organisms.
Permethrin
is considered a neurotoxin that has more impact on children than adults. It
is dangerous to bees and some aquatic species. Some studies suggest the possibility
of additional serious health effects. Cox, C. (1998). Insecticide Factsheet: Permethrin.
Journal of Pesticide Reform, 18 (2), 14-20.
Permethrin
Harms Monarch Butterflies. Oberhauser, K.S., Brinda, S.J., Weaver, S., Moon,
R.D., Manweiler, S.A., & Read, N. (2006). Growth and Survival of Monarch Butterflies
(Lepidoptera: Danaidae) After Exposure to Permethrin Barrier Treatments. Environ.
Entomol. 35(6): 1626-1634.
BACILLUS THURINGIENSIS KURSTAKI
(BTK):
Adequate long-term safety studies are not available.
Both
the U.S. EPA and nonprofit organizations document the possibility that Btk
may lead to food poisoning
The
Safety to Humans of Bacillus thuringiensis Insecticidal Sprays: A Reassessment-
EPA
The government of New Zealand conducted aerial spraying of Bacillus
Thuringiensis kurstaki (Btk) for a Moth that was considered a Risk to Agriculture.
New Zealand Citizens reported a lack of government response to their safety concerns.
They reported over 580 adverse health effects. NZ Citizens conducted A People's
Inquiry into the Spraying Program with a Panel of Experts.
PANNA: Aerial
spraying concerns in New Zealand, New Mexico & California
SPINOSAD:
EPA
Rubber stamps approval for o many pesticides
NOSB
TAP Review Compiled by OMRI
The
characteristics of spinosad suggest that the exposure and risks from spinosad
in drinking water are analogous for acute and chronic exposures
"
An EPA
factsheet issued February 1997 classifies spinosad as Category III due to
the acute dermal LD50 in rabbit of >2000 mg/kg. For all other acute toxicological
categories it is listed as Category IV. The Dow MSDS issued in 2001 shows EPA
classification as Category IV even for dermal toxicity."